Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2023-03-07 Origin: Site
Sutures have existed for thousands of years. As early as 3500 BC, the ancient Egyptians used cotton fibers and horsehair to suture wounds. Today, sutures are widely used in various surgical operations to close wounds and connect tissues. So what types of sutures are there? This article will take you through. Let's take a look!
Surgical suture refers to the special thread used for ligation and suture hemostasis and tissue suture in surgical operation or trauma treatment.
2. What Types of Surgical Sutures are there?
2.1 According to whether it can be absorbed by the body, it can be divided into two types: absorbable sutures and non-absorbable sutures.
2.1.1 Absorbable Sutures
Absorbable sutures dissolve by body tissue, losing most of their tensile strength over some time, so they don't need to be removed. This absorbable suture saves patients the pain of stitch removal because it does not need to be removed. They are best used under the skin as they can cause significant scarring if used externally. Absorbable sutures are often used in deep tissue and in tissues that heal quickly; therefore, they can be used for small bowel anastomoses, urinary or biliary sutures, or to close small blood vessels near the skin.
2.1.2 Non-absorbable Sutures
Non-absorbable sutures retain greater tensile strength and are not absorbed by the body, requiring later removal. Non-absorbable sutures are used for long-term tissue closure, such as vascular anastomosis, permanent ligation of internal tubular structures or blood vessels, etc.
2.2 Surgical sutures can be divided into two types according to the thread body structure: monofilament sutures and multifilament sutures.
2.2.1 Monofilament Sutures
Monofilament sutures have a single-strand structure and require more knotting, but knotting is easier and poses less risk of tissue damage. In addition, due to its monofilament structure, it can effectively prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
2.2.2 Multifilament Sutures
Multifilament sutures are woven from multiple strands of fiber for greater strength and are easier to manipulate and tie. Because of its particular construction, less knotting is required. But the woven multifilament structure is prone to infection because of the small cavities in the structure that provide places for bacteria to grow and multiply.
2.3 Surgical sutures can be divided into natural sutures and synthetic sutures according to the source of raw materials.
2.3.1 Natural Sutures
Natural sutures are made from natural fibers such as silk or gut and are used less frequently because natural sutures tend to cause a more tissue response.
2.3.2 Synthetic Sutures
Synthetic sutures are made of artificial materials such as polyester or nylon. Synthetic sutures have strong tension, predictable absorption, less tissue reaction, and are more expensive than natural sutures.
3. What are the Materials of Surgical Sutures?
3.1 Plain Catgut Suture
A plain catgut suture is an absorbable suture made from sheep or bovine intestinal submucosa tissue. Absorption is fast, but the tissue reaction is slightly larger. It is mostly used to ligate blood vessels and suture infected wounds in fast-healing tissues or subcutaneous tissues. Generally, it can be fully absorbed within 6-20 days.
3.2 Chrome Catgut Suture
Chromium catgut suture is made from the same material as plain catgut and is treated with chromic acid to slow tissue absorption and cause less inflammation than plain catgut. Generally, it is used in gynecological and urinary system operations and is often used in kidney and ureter operations because silk threads will promote the formation of stones, soak it in salt water when using it, and straighten it after softening so as to facilitate the operation. Generally, it can be fully absorbed within 6-20 days.
3.3 Natural Collagen Sutures
It is made from the tendons of particular animals, with high content of pure natural collagen. The production process does not involve chemical components and has the characteristics of collagen; it has complete absorption, high tensile strength, good biocompatibility, promotes cell regeneration growth, and so on. According to the thickness of the thread body, it is generally absorbed completely within 8-50 days, and the absorption is stable and reliable, with no apparent individual differences.
3.4 PDO Suture
The material of PDO suture is polydioxanone, the thread structure is monofilament, and the conventional color is purple. It is mainly used in the fascia, pediatric heart, and orthopedics. It can be completely degraded within 60-90 days.
3.5 PGA Suture
The material of the PGA suture is polyglycolic acid. The surface of the suture is coated with polyglycolide and calcium stearate. The structure of the suture is braided. The conventional color is purple. It can be completely degraded within 60-90 days.
3.6 PGLA Suture
The material of PGLA suture is polylactic acid, the thread structure is braided, and the conventional color is purple. It is suitable for general surgery and skin suture, etc. Polylactic acid is highly safe for the human body and can be absorbed by tissues, and can be completely degraded within 56-70 days.
3.7 PGCL Suture
The material of PGCL suture is polycarpous, the thread structure is single-strand, and the conventional color is purple. PGCL suture has high tensile strength, low hydrolysis reaction, and tissue reaction is usually used in superficial soft tissue suture and ligation operations and can be completely degraded within 90-120 days.
3.8 Nylon Suture
A nylon suture is a non-absorbable sterile surgical suture composed of long-chain aliphatic polymer polyamide 6 or polyamide 6.6, forming a smooth and uniform monofilament, blue or black suture by synthetic chemical process Wire. The nylon suture has high tensile strength, there is little tissue reaction after the suture is implanted in the body, and it has an excellent elasticity.
3.9 Polypropylene Suture
Polypropylene sutures are made of a single strand of propylene polymer, the thread structure is monofilament, and the general color is blue. The tissue composition of polypropylene suture is stable, the tissue reaction is little, and it is unaffected by the pH of tissue enzymes.
3.10 Silk Sutures
Silk sutures are refined from pure silk to remove impurities, tightly woven or knit into shape, and then processed by degreasing and beeswax surface. The conventional colors are black and white. The silk thread has a soft body and a smooth surface, with the most superior operability and good knot firmness.
3.11 Polyester Suture
The polyester suture is a multi-fiber suture finely woven from pure polyester polymer, the thread structure is multi-filament, and the conventional colors are green and white. The suture surface is treated with a coating, the thread body is soft and smooth, and the composition is stable.
3.12 Stainless Steel Suture
Stainless steel sutures are monofilament or multifilament non-absorbable sterile surgical sutures made of stainless steel. Stainless steel sutures are likely to cause slight primary inflammatory reactions in tissues and cannot be absorbed by the body. Stainless steel sutures are indicated for abdominal wound closure, hernia repair, sternal closure, and orthopedic procedures, including cerclage and tendon repair.
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